Attribuée à Confucius dans certains recueils de sagesse orientale, mais l'origine exacte reste incertaine. Souvent citée dans des ouvrages sur la philosophie et la pédagogie.
"He who knows that he does not know, educate him. He who knows that he knows, listen to him. He who does not know that he knows, awaken him. He who does not know that he does not know, flee from him."